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Writer's pictureCourtney Hutson

Integumentary Disorders

Updated: Feb 25, 2022

Skin

  • Contusion - Region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured - also called Bruise

  • Callus - A growth of new bone tissue in and around a fractured area, ultimately replaced by mature bone, an acquired localized thickening

  • Moles - Area where melanocytes replicate, without threating to invade surrounding tissues, melanocytes produce extra melanin causing symmetrical brown, black, or purple growths - also called Nevi or Nevus

  • Port-Wine Stains - Markings that affect blood vessels near the surface of the skin, often large and completely harmless

  • Acne Rosacea - Excessive oiliness of the skin and chronic inflammatory condition of the cheeks and nose - redness owing to dilation of blood vessels and formation of papules and pustules

  • Urticaria - Rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely, sometimes with dangerous swelling, caused by an allergic reaction - also called Hives

  • Scars - Forms after the healing of an injury or skin condition that has penetrated the dermal layer

  • Striae - A linear mark, slight ridge, or groove on a surface, often one of a number of similar parallel features - also called Stretch Marks

  • Leukoderma - Abnormal light patches of skin caused by congenital defective pigmentations - also called Vitiligo

  • Erythema - Superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries - also called Erythema Multiforme

  • Hemangioma - Localized benign tumor of the skin and subcutaneous layer that results from an abnormal increase in blood vessels - also called Birthmark


Hair

  • Head Lice - Tiny, jumping arthropods that suck blood from the scalp, they lay eggs called nits and their saliva causes itching - also called Head Louse

  • Crab Lice (Pubic Lice) - Tiny arthropods that do not jump and look like miniature crabs


Nails

  • Cyanosis - A blue or purple discoloration, most easily seen in the nail beds and mucous membranes, that results from an increased concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin - also called Blue Skin


Glands

  • Acne - Chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, related to hormonal changes and overactive sebaceous glands - also called Acne Simplex or Acne Vulgaris

  • Seborrheic Keratosis - Overactivity and excessive secretion of sebaceous glands

  • Steatoma - Subcutaneous tumor of the sebaceous glands that contain sebum - als0 called Sebaceous Cyst or Wen

  • Cyst - An abnormal, usually noncancerous growth filled with liquid or a semisolid substance, sometimes causing pain.



 

Warts - Raised, rough surface caused by papillomavirus on the hands - also called Verruca Vulgaris

  • Plantar Warts - Raised, rough surface, growing inward caused by papillomavirus on the soles of the feet

  • Cystic Warts

  • Plane Warts

  • Molluscum Contagiosum

  • Genital Warts

  • Butcher's Warts

  • Focal Epithelia Hyperplasia

  • Epidermoplasia Verrucifomis

 

Staphylococcal Infections of the Skin

  • Boils - Bacteria that enters the skin through hair follicles, subcutaneous abscess that fills with pus - also called Furuncle

  • Folliculitis

  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

  • Hidradenitis Supporitiva

  • Pilonidal Cysts

 

Herpes Simplex - Viral infection and tends to lie dormant in its carrier until stress or a depressed immune system creates an outbreak - also called Cold Sore or Fever Blister

  • Oral Herpes

  • Genital Herpes

  • Herpes Whitlow

  • Herpes Gladiatorum

  • Herpes Sycosis

  • Eczema Herpeticum

  • Ocular Herpes

 

Animal Parasites

  • Body Lice

Fungal Infections of the Skin

  • Tinea Capitis

  • Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)

  • Tinea Pedis (Athlete's Foot) - Scaling, itching and painful lesions between the toes

  • Tinea Manuum

  • Onychomycosis

  • Tinea Versicolor

  • Scabies Mites - Skin disease marked by itching and small raised red spots, caused by the itch mite - also called Seven-Year Itch or Sarcoptes Scabiei

  • Tinea Corporis - Scaling, itching and painful lesions on any part of the body - also called Ringworm

 

Streptococcal Infections of the Skin

  • Cellulitis - Inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue

  • Erysipelas - A streptococcal infection of the skin that may become systemic and involve the lymphatic and circulatory system, very sharp margin between the red and tender involved skin and uninvolved skin

  • Necrotizing Fasciitis

  • Impetigo - Bacterial skin infection forming pustules, yellow, crusty sores - also called School Sores

  • Ecthyma

  • Secondary skin infection of wounds, dermatitis, scabies,

  • Decubitus Ulcers - Injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin, most often develop on skin that covers bony areas of the body, such as the heels, ankles, hips and tailbone - also called Bedsores

  • Tropical ulcers

  • Blistering distal dactylitis

  • Streptococcal perianal and/or vulval dermatitis

 

Dermatitis - A condition of the skin in which it becomes red, swollen, and sore, sometimes with small blisters, resulting from direct irritation of the skin by an external agent or an allergic reaction - also called Contact Eczema

  • Contact Dermatitis

  • Atopic Dermatitis

  • Stasis Dermatitis

Eczema - Patches of skin becomes rough and inflamed, with blisters that cause itching and bleeding, sometimes resulting from a reaction to irritation, either acute or chronic - also called Atopic Eczema

  • Seborrheic Eczema

  • Dyshidrotic

  • Nummular Eczema

  • Neurodermatitis

 

Skin Cancer

Forms in the tissues of the skin, most form on parts of the body exposed to the sun or in people who have weakened immune systems

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma - Skin cancer that forms in the lower part of the epidermis (outer part of the skin)

  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Skin cancer that forms in squamous cells, flat cells that form the surface of the skin

  • Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - Skin cancer that forms in neuroendocrine cells, cells that release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system

  • Malignant Melanoma - Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes, skin cells that make pigment

 

Burns

Tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that destroy the proteins in the skin cells

  • 1st Degree - Involves only they epidermis, mild pain and redness but no blisters, skin remains intact - also called Superficial Burn

  • 2nd Degree - Destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis, some skin functions are lost, redness, blister formation, edema and pain - also called Partial Thickness Burn

  • 3rd Degree - Destroys the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer, most skin functions lost, marble-white colored, dry wounds and sensory nerves destroyed - also called Full-Thickness Burn

  • 4th Degree - Destroys not only the skin but also tissues that are deep to the skin such as fascia, muscles and tendons

 





























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