Bones
Bone Spur - Bony projections that develop along the edges of bones, Form where bones meet each other in joints, also form on the bones of your spine - also called Osteophytes
Claw Foot - Medial longitudinal arch is abnormally elevated - also called Pes Carus
Cleft Palate/Lip - Incomplete fusion of horizontal plates of the palatine/ split in upper lip
Genu Valgum - Knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened - also called Knock Knees
Genu Varum - Outward bowing at the knee, lower leg is angled inward in relation to the thigh's axis - also called Bow Leg
Hallux Valgus - Deformity of the great toe where the tow is deviated medially away from the first metatarsal bone
Legg-Calve Perthes Disease - Disruption of blood flow to the ball of the femur, due to the lack of blood flow, the bone dies
Osteoporosis - Bones becomes weak and brittle
Kyphosis - Abnormal convex curve of the thoracic spine, forward rounding of the back - also called Hunchback
Lordosis - Abnormal concave curve of the lumbar spine, curving inward of the lower back - also called Swayback
Scoliosis - Lateral curvature of the spine that involves rotation of the vertebrae
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Group of inherited disorders characterized by fragile bones that break easily - also called Brittle Bone Disease
Osteomyelitis - Inflammation of bone by infection, generally in the legs, arms or spine
Osteopenia - The body doesn't make new bone as quickly as it reabsorbs old bone
Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome - Patella tracks laterally as well as superiorly and inferiorly, increased pressure on the joint or deep to the patella - also called Runner's Knee
Rickets - Softening or weakening of bones, usually due to inadequate vitamin D -also called Osteomalacia
Tilpes Equinovarus - Foot twisted out of shape or position and arch increased - also called Club Foot
Muscles
Spasms, Cramps - Involuntary contractions of a muscle, typically harmless and temporary, but can be painful
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness - Pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise - also called DOMS or Muscle Fever
Hypertonicity - Increased tension of muscles
Muscular Dystrophy - A group of genetic disease that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass also called MD
Myasthenia Gravis - A weakness and rapid fatigue of muscles under voluntary control - also called MG
Shin Splints - Result when muscles, tendons, and bone tissue become overworked
Spasmodic Torticollis - Muscles of the neck contract uncontrollably, making the head turn into various postures - also called Cervical Dystonia
Tendons & Joints
Ganglion Cysts - Noncancerous lump, often on the tendons or joints of wrists and hands - also called Bible Cyst
Bursitis - Inflammation of the small fluid-filled sacs located near the joints that reduce the friction of overlying structures during movement
Tenosynovitis - Inflammation of the tendon sheath where muscle connects to bone
Adhesive Capsulitis - Extreme stiffness or immobility in the shoulder joint, usually following injury and caused by adhesions in the joint and inflammation of the capsule of the humerus - also called Frozen Shoulder
Ankylosing Spondylitis - Inflammatory disease that affects joints between vertebrae and between the sacrum and hip bone
Osteoarthritis - Affects synovial joints (flexible tissue) that have experienced much wear and tear or trauma - also called OA or Degenerative Joint Disease
Spondylitis - Inflammation of the joints of the backbone - also known as Bechterew's Disease
Contracture - Shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissues, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction - Pain and compromised movement of the jaw joint and the surrounding muscles
Ligaments
Flat Foot - Ligaments and tendons are weakened, the height of the medial longitudinal arch may decrease or "fall" - also called Fallen Arches or Pes Olanus
Soft Tissue
Plantar Fasciitis - Inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes - also called Policeman's Heel
Tendonitis - Tissue connecting muscle to bone becomes inflamed - also called Teninitis
Fibromyalgia - Pain, fatigue and stiffness in connective tissue of muscles, tendons or ligaments - also called Fibrositis
Fibrosis - Thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually result of injury
Lateral Epicondylitis - An irritation of the tissues connecting the forearm muscles to the elbow, extensors of the wrist involved - also called Tennis Elbow
Medial Epicondylitis - An irritation of the tissues on the inner side of the elbow, flexors of the wrist are involved - also called Golfer's Elbow
Myofascial Pain Syndrome - Pain and presumed inflammation in the body's soft tissues or muscles - also called MPS
Myositis Ossifications - Formation of bone tissue inside muscle tissue after injury to the area, results of an acute deep-muscle bruise or repeated muscular trauma to the same spot
Rotator Cuff Tear - A tear in the tissues connecting muscle to the bone (tendon) around the shoulder joint
Fascial Disorders
Hammertoe
Foot Drop - Gait abnormally, due to weakness, irritation or damage to the common fibular nerve
Pes Planus; Pes Cavus
Compartment Syndrome
Acute Compartment Syndrome
Chronic Compartment Syndrome
Dupuytren Contracture
Plantar Fibromatosis
Peyronie Disease
Garrod Nodes
Hernia
Direct Inguinal Hernia
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Epigastric Hernia
Paraumbilical Hernia
Umbilical Hernia
Incisional Hernia
Hiatal Hernia
Neuromuscular Disorders
Disc Disease
Herniation - Invertebral disc that has protruded out and into the spinal cavity, causing pain and increased pressure on the spinal cord, caused radiating pressure on nerve endings, occurs normally in the lumbar region of the spine
Herniated Disc - Weakening of the intervertebral disc resulting in a protrusion into the vertebral canal, potentially compressing the spinal cord - also called Spinal Disc Herniation
Bulge
Protrusion
Extrusion
Rupture
Degenerative Disc Disease
Internal Disc Disease
Other Connective Tissue Disorders
Bunions
Whiplash - Rapid excessive forces on the structures of the neck
Shin Splints
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Peridotites
Stress Fractures
Tendinopathies
Tendinosis
Muscle Disorders
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
Facioscapulohumer
Limb-Girdle
Emery-Dreifuess
Oculopharyngeal
Bone Disorders
Osgood-Schlatter Disease- Repetitive use injury that causes a painful lump below the kneecap
Hyperlordosis
Spondylolisthesis - Spinal disorder in which (vertebra) slips forward onto the bone below it
Postural Deviations
Hyperkyphotic
Scheunemann Disease - Irregular formed vertebrae and disks, genetic condition
Joint Disorders
Baker Cysts - Fluid filled cyst behind the knee- also called Popliteal Cyst
Gout - High concentration of uric acid in the blood that precipitates out into the interstitial and synovial spaces, especially in smaller bones of the feet, form of sharp, needlelike crystals - also called Acute Gouty Arthritis
Joint Replacement Surgery
Lyme Disease
Osteochondritis - Cartilage or bone in the joints become inflamed
Patellofemoral Syndrome
Spondylosis - Osteoarthritis of the spine that can affect the cervical, lumbar or thoracic vertebrae, degeneration of the intervertebral disks and formation of bony growths on the vertebra
Sprains - Injury to the joint that results in the stretching or tearing of the ligaments but not severe enough to cause dislocation
Spondylolisthesis
Congenital Spondylolisthesis
Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis
Joint Disruptions
Dislocations - Displacement of a bone from a joint - also called Luxation
Subluxations - Partial dislocation - also called Joint Separation
Dysplasia
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